Linux Əsasları

What Linux is and Linux distributions

Desktop vs server environments

Terminal anatomy and shells

Commands, options, and arguments

Getting help with man, --help, and apropos

Linux directory structure and paths

Navigating with pwd, ls, cd

Files vs directories and hidden files

Creating and managing files with touch, mkdir, cp, mv, rm

Glob patterns

Viewing files with cat, less, head, tail, nl, wc

Text editors: nano and vim fundamentals

Redirection with >, >>, 2>

Pipes and tee

Command history

Searching with find, locate, grep

Regular expression basics

Text processing with sort, uniq, cut, tr

Using xargs

Simple sed and awk usage

Command substitution

Users, groups, UID/GID

/etc/passwd and /etc/group

chmod symbolic and numeric modes

chown, chgrp, and umask

sudo basics and special permissions overview

Processes, PIDs, parent/child processes

Monitoring with ps, top/htop, pgrep

Controlling processes with kill, pkill, nice

Foreground and background jobs

Signals and resource awareness

systemd concepts

systemctl status/start/stop/restart/enable

journalctl and log locations

Boot target overview

Scheduled tasks with cron

Repositories and packages

apt/dnf concepts: install, remove, search, update

Package integrity

Archives with tar, gzip, and zip

Software-installation hygiene

Disks, partitions, and filesystems

Mount points and df, du, lsblk, blkid

/etc/fstab

Inode awareness

Permissions on mounted storage

IP address, gateway, DNS, ports, and localhost

Networking tools: ip, ping, ss, curl, dig/nslookup

Hostname and firewall awareness

SSH concepts and safe remote access

Variables, quoting, and exit codes

Conditionals, loops, and functions

Positional arguments

Executable scripts and shebang

Defensive scripting basics

Troubleshooting method: observe, narrow, test, fix, verify, document

Revision

Command-line assessment

Capstone integration lab